GELATIN CAPSULES SKIN

Sometimes gelatin hard capsules present an insufficient dissolution rate in water. However, to be sold on the market, a hard capsule has to pass the dissolution test in water according to the specifications in the United States Pharmacopeia 711 harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (U. An important property of these hard capsules is that they melt in water at a temperature above 30 ☌ and easily release drugs they contain in the human digestive tract due to temperature, gastric pH and digestive enzymes. Gelatin is used as the main ingredient of the hard capsules used in the pharmaceutical industry. There are two types of gelatin, A and B, produced from acid and alkaline pre-treatments, respectively. The dried matter obtained is called gelatin. Depending on the manufacturing process, the extract is then deionized, sterilized and dried, but more steps can be added. A thermal process is then used to separate proteins from the rest of the raw material (Schrieber & Gareis, 2007).

GELATIN CAPSULES SKIN

During the gelatin-making process, proteins are extracted from skin and bone by acid or alkaline baths and thermal pre-treatments. Indeed, 28 different types of collagen have been identified (Ricard - Blum, 2010). Depending on the raw material used (source and age of the animal), collagen does not have exactly the same structure, composition and properties, and gelatin does not either. It is produced by the partial hydrolysis of collagen (Schrieber & Gareis, 2007). This biopolymer consists of proteins (85–92%), mineral salts and water. pig skin gelatin, taking account of knowledge on all gelatin origins. In this review we focus on the most abundant part of the production, i.e. Fish gelatin represented less than 1.5% of total gelatin production in 2007 (Gomez-Guillén et al., 2009). The most abundant sources of gelatin production are pig skin (46%), bovine hides (29.4%) and pig and cattle bones (23.1%). It is now widely used in the food, photographic and pharmaceutical industries. Over time, its manufacture became industrialized and its applications have increased in number (Schrieber & Gareis, 2007). During the 16th century, at the court of Henry VIII of England, gelatin was an ingredient of dishes at every banquet. Gelatin derived from animal tissue has been known since antiquity and was first used as glue as far back as 6000 BC. Consequently, the causes of HGC dissolution are not well identified and controlled. Indeed, there are many differences from an article to another. Although this biopolymer has been the subject of numerous publications, its structure and composition is not well defined.

As it is extracted from animal tissues, gelatin may contain molecules other than collagen (sugars, lipids and other proteins) which may react with collagen chains to form covalent bonds. The main reason for low gelatin dissolution rates is its tendency to form cross-links in the denatured collagen chains under specific conditions which stabilize the gel network and prevent dissolution. This issue has been known for many years and has been, and remains, a subject of study and debate. The gelatin is used to make various products, notably hard gelatin capsules (HGC) which of varying solubility in water. Gelatin obtained from pig skin constitutes about 50% of world production and is mainly composed of collagen extracted from skin by acidic baths and thermal treatments.

Gelatin capsules